A generalised analytical framework for active earth pressure on retaining walls with narrow soil

Active earth pressure on retaining structures supporting a narrow column of soil cannot be properly analysed using Coulomb's theory. Finite-element limit analysis (FELA) shows that the forms multiple failure surfaces if is sufficiently narrow. This paper proposes framework for active estimation soils by combining an arched differential element method and sliding wedge method. The analytical considers both friction cohesion, arching effects shear stress between adjacent elements. solution obtained validated against experimental data FELA results. Through parametric studies, aspect ratio, friction, cohesion wall–soil interface roughness are examined. To facilitate use proposed in design, modified coefficient application height thrust provided.